The ethical rationale behind the doctrine of informed consent emphasizes which principles?

• A. Beneficence
• B. Nonmaleficence
• C. Autonomy
• D. Freedom of choice, liberty, and autonomy

Answer: (D)

The main idea here is autonomy. Informed consent is about respecting a patient’s right to decide what happens to their own body. It requires that information about the proposed treatment, its risks and benefits, and alternatives be shared; that the patient truly understands it; and that the decision to proceed is voluntary and free from coercion. When we emphasize freedom of choice and autonomy, we acknowledge the patient’s ability to weigh personal values, preferences, and life goals in deciding whether to proceed. Beneficence and nonmaleficence guide how care should be provided, but they do not by themselves justify the need for the patient’s consent; consent exists to honor the patient’s self-determination.